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[Music]

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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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from australia for science and reason

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[Applause]

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yes it's the skeptic's own podcast

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episode number 727

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on the 11th of september 2022

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and there's a date we

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pause to remember

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week that's just been

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no matter what your opinion on queen

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elizabeth

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the monarchy

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and

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many other issues i think we can all

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agree this has been

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an historic week

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events that have not been seen for 70

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years

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and now playing out more or less live on

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television

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with that in mind i thought we'd

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begin today's episode with a look back

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at some of the predictions

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so-called psychic predictions psychic

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insights

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or maybe gain through astrology or

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something like that regarding queen

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elizabeth ii

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now these were collated

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and uh

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analyzed during the great australian

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psychic prediction project we discover

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what the psychics the seers

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the diviners and so on

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wrote about the queen over the last 20

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years

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after that we have the australian

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skeptics newsletter read by adrian hill

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in canada yes it all makes sense

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followed by the book of tim part 3 of

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the series of

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the story

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of the unicorn

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what a fascinating series this has been

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so far i've certainly learned a lot

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about the unicorn and the mythology and

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so on

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then we have another skeptical poem by

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our late friend jim wilshere well is it

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a skeptical poem it's sort of a

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paranormal supernatural spooky scary

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poem this week

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beneath a black balloon

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then we go back to the trove archives

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and have a look for the term

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another term you don't hear much anymore

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telepathy

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now another thing that i will mention uh

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at the top of the show

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is that this marks 14 years

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of the skeptic zone this week 14 years

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it's uh it's

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strange to think that un undoubtedly

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some of you listening right now are

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younger

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than the show

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it's astonishing it really is so happy

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14 years to the skeptic zone

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now just reflecting on the fact that uh

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we have a new king and

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undoubtedly in

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in the weeks to come we will be

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reflecting upon

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some of his uh activities as prince of

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wales because

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to

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our way of thinking he has not always

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been the champion of science and reason

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and i think edzard ernst certainly has a

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lot to say about that

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so we might be looking at that in in the

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future a little bit down the track

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i guess one thing you can say he's a

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well-traveled man he certainly would

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have a great deal of knowledge of

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geography

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and uh the environment he is uh

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known to be a uh a greeny is that the

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right term

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i guess we'll discover more as the weeks

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and the years go by but anyway

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now it's time for me to run downstairs

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and have a nice cup of

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well

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let's just have a nice cup of tea

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will i do that i hope you enjoy the

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[Laughter]

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only a matter of hours ago

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the

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queen elizabeth ii

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and now those of us in the commonwealth

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countries

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anyway

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have a new king king charles iii

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but on this very significant historical

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day

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i couldn't help but think of some of the

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predictions that we covered in the great

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australian psychic prediction project

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dealing with queen elizabeth ii

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queen elizabeth ii was a favorite of the

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psychics the so-called psychics in the

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database of the great australian psychic

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prediction project with a total of 26

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predictions concerning the late monarch

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however of the 26 predictions made

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we marked

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none

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as being correct outright

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22 were wrong

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three were expected events

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and one was simply too vague

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according to the psychics and the seers

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and the prognosticators and the

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astrologers that we covered in the

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project

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the queen was

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either to die or abdicate in

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2004

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2010

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2012

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2013

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2014

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2018

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and 2025

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let's take a look at just a few of those

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of course they don't all concern the

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abdication or death of the queen

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for example here we have one in 2002 by

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carrie culkins

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who wrote

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another bad year

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coming up for the queen

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someone mishandling the royal purse

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now we couldn't find anything to do with

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that i guess you could call that a vague

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prediction but we certainly couldn't

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find any match

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in 2010 heather alexander

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writing in the international psychics

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directory wrote health problems around

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queen elizabeth will mean that the

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subject of succession can no longer be

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ignored

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which is

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a ridiculous statement because the

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succession

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plans are always in place

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she will likely step down by the end of

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the year and hand on the reigns of power

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due to health problems remember this was

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12 years ago

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the successor in all likelihood would be

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prince charles

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this may in turn awaken the republican

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debate all over again resulting in our

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own president here in australia i should

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have marked that

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prediction as doubly wrong anyway

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also in 2010 simon turnbull who was the

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uh the president of the australian

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psychics association wrote queen

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elizabeth is likely to have some health

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problems which will require her to step

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down

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not necessarily kick the bucket

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in order to make this changeover occur

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charles may take over the reins for a

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short period although of course as we

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know in the last few years

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then prince charles and other members of

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the royal family were taking on more

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royal duties there was nothing

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even approaching a regency

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in 2012

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brett vollis

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also writing in the australian psychic

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directory psychics directory wrote the

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queen will become ill late next year and

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there will be talk of handing over the

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crown in

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2013. also that year lauren jeffrey

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wrote the queen will hand the throne

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over to william in late 2012

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which of course she could not

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constitutionally do even if she wanted

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to

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it seems simon turnbull had a change of

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mind by 2014 where he writes queen

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elizabeth may do the unthinkable and

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agree to abdication

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so her eldest son can stop growing

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tomatoes

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we skip forward a few years to 2018

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georgina walker writing in new idea

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magazine

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queen and philip

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i see steps and the queen is walking

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backwards symbolically i sense it means

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she is backing away stepping down from

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her royal duties as monarch

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i see a fall that may expedite these

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plans and i see charles rushed in to

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take control i see a black flag flying

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over the palace this is symbolic

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indicating a passing of a significant

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royal august flashes up as a major time

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in the royals future i hear sandringham

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will be my forever home

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and of course

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in 2018

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nothing

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uh in that prediction matched at all

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and we have sort of variations here in

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2019 julie mckenzie

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on a youtube video predicted queen

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elizabeth queen's christmas speech 2019

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there may be talk about pregnancies

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which there wasn't

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julian mckenzie also said in the same

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youtube video the queen to get sick and

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die in 2019 or early 2020.

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julie mckenzie also predicted that there

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would be a ball at buckingham palace for

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everyday people

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the queen would be too unwell to attend

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well of course

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what none of them for saw was covered so

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there were no balls at buckingham palace

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in 2020.

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she also predicted the queen would not

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make a christmas speech in 2020 the

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queen certainly did

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in 2020 rose smith predicted

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the queen is going to abdicate

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she's going to hand the crown i believe

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it's not to charles but it will be

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prince william

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once again these people have a poor

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understanding of the

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line of succession

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i could only see the back of the head so

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it was hard to tell for sure she said

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about her vision

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i saw her take the crown off the back of

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her head and hand it to a man and i

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think it was william it's likely to be

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within 12 months maybe two years

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let me see that prediction was made on

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the 19th of october 2019 so it doesn't

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match in any

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form and one last one here for 2020 by

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sarah yip

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i see the queen leaving the spotlight by

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may june 2022 and retiring by 2023-2025

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she will be the ripe age of 99 years old

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age 99 is a milestone in her chart

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where she is due to experience the

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rewards of her career to date well sarah

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yep i suggest you

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recast your chart and look again

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[Music]

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those are just some of the predictions

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of the 26 we have catalogued concerning

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queen elizabeth ii

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i think my next task would be to go

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through and see what we can find for

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king charles iii

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you can hear all about the great

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australian psychic prediction project

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simply by visiting

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www.skepticzone.tv and right at the top

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of the page

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is a link to the episode where

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together with adrian hill

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[Music]

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hello everyone this is adrian hill from

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canada here to read the highlights from

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the australian skeptics newsletter

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this is newsletter number 156

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you can subscribe to this newsletter and

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get it delivered to your inbox every

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other week complete with links to all

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the stories just visit

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but now let's see what tim mendum has

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for us this week

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hi all says tim

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skepticon 2022 will be with us in a few

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months and due to the change date the

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early bird price discount has been

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extended until september 14th

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and keep an eye out for the social

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events to be announced soon

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00:12:56,870 --> 00:12:54,720
friday night get together on december

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00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:56,880
2nd and the convention dinner on

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00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:59,279
saturday december 3rd i wish i could be

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00:13:02,150 --> 00:13:00,399
there

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further details and ticket sales are

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meanwhile not a lot in this newsletter

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on the world of the paranormal

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yuri geller must be having a break

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read on

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skeptics archival videos

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00:13:31,190 --> 00:13:28,880
some of australian skeptics

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investigations that were filmed for tv

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over the decades are now online at the

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australian skeptics youtube channel

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they include james randy in australia

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dowsing challenges a water polarizer

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power balance tests

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and something on breast hypnosis

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whatever that is

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oh dear

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just visit

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hope you had your pen handy for that one

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00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:05,680
reclaiming medicine anti-vaxxer

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00:14:09,750 --> 00:14:07,600
conference

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00:14:11,910 --> 00:14:09,760
this event was on last saturday a

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gathering of largely anti-vaxxers

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00:14:17,670 --> 00:14:15,120
wanting to uh quote reclaim medicine end

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00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:17,680
quote is kind of like a creationist

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paranormal researchers and quantum

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physics

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00:14:30,389 --> 00:14:28,000
this article in what is generally a

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00:14:32,710 --> 00:14:30,399
pro-paranormal site looks at how

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psychics misuse and misunderstand

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00:14:37,829 --> 00:14:34,880
concepts from quantum science in their

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00:14:40,310 --> 00:14:37,839
attempts to explain and or justify their

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world view a short summary of what is a

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00:14:46,389 --> 00:14:43,839
very complex field and quote spooky

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00:14:49,030 --> 00:14:46,399
action at a distance end quote doesn't

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00:14:52,150 --> 00:14:49,040
mean supernatural

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00:14:54,550 --> 00:14:52,160
movie effects in paranormal videos

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00:14:56,389 --> 00:14:54,560
in this video two movie visual effects

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artists look at a number of popular

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reported ufo sightings and debunk their

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00:15:04,629 --> 00:15:02,000
use of visual effects technology as they

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00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:04,639
say quote if they're out there this

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ain't them end quote quite fun and

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00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:08,959
fascinating especially if you're

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00:15:14,949 --> 00:15:11,360
individual effects in movies and of

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00:15:21,189 --> 00:15:19,350
canberra skeptics agm an important event

354
00:15:23,670 --> 00:15:21,199
ken baron skeptics will be holding their

355
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annual general meeting online on october

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25th from 7 till 8 pm this will be an

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00:15:31,750 --> 00:15:28,959
important one as it may have an impact

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00:15:34,230 --> 00:15:31,760
on the canberra skeptic's very existence

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00:15:36,629 --> 00:15:34,240
only paid members of kimbera skeptics

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00:15:38,949 --> 00:15:36,639
can vote or nominate for a role if you

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00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:38,959
have not already done so please join now

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00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:45,750
revealing a new universe perth september

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00:15:50,629 --> 00:15:48,079
22nd

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00:15:52,550 --> 00:15:50,639
professor paul davies am best-selling

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00:15:55,189 --> 00:15:52,560
author and cosmologist

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00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:55,199
and professor tamara davis am

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00:16:00,389 --> 00:15:57,920
astrophysicist and tv presenter we'll be

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00:16:01,910 --> 00:16:00,399
giving a presentation to quote take you

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00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:01,920
on a journey to the frontiers of

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00:16:06,150 --> 00:16:03,839
knowledge from the most profound

371
00:16:07,749 --> 00:16:06,160
questions about the universe to years of

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00:16:10,069 --> 00:16:07,759
groundbreaking discoveries of black

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00:16:12,069 --> 00:16:10,079
holes with gravitational wave detectors

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00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:12,079
our experts will have you enthralled

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with every big question on the agenda

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00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:15,600
end quote

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00:16:20,949 --> 00:16:18,240
this is an in-person event at the

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octagon theater uni of western australia

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00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:23,839
on thursday september 22nd from six to

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eight pm

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adult tickets are ten dollars and

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concession is five dollars

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00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:31,440
[Music]

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the september issue of the skeptic

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00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:35,360
magazine will be out very soon with a

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00:16:39,829 --> 00:16:37,440
major look at the mysterious and often

387
00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:39,839
secretive world of organized exorcism in

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00:16:43,350 --> 00:16:42,079
australia and not just from the catholic

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00:16:45,509 --> 00:16:43,360
church

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00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:45,519
plus the latest honor hall of shame for

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00:16:51,749 --> 00:16:47,920
alt-med practitioners dowsing priests

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00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:51,759
and of course frogs we also have a hold

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00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,560
the front page report on a so-called

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00:16:58,710 --> 00:16:56,399
psychic detective involved on the

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00:16:59,749 --> 00:16:58,720
margins with the recent christos murder

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00:17:01,590 --> 00:16:59,759
case

397
00:17:03,829 --> 00:17:01,600
if you haven't subscribed yet now is the

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00:17:06,470 --> 00:17:03,839
time to do so you can sign up for a hard

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00:17:08,789 --> 00:17:06,480
copy or digital edition or both because

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00:17:10,870 --> 00:17:08,799
the digital is offered free to those who

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00:17:12,870 --> 00:17:10,880
take up the hard copy version

402
00:17:14,710 --> 00:17:12,880
contact the editor if you're not sure if

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00:17:16,870 --> 00:17:14,720
your existing subscription needs

404
00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:16,880
renewing

405
00:17:21,270 --> 00:17:19,520
skeptics in action if you have any ideas

406
00:17:23,110 --> 00:17:21,280
for stories or want to contribute to

407
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:23,120
skeptics communications such as the

408
00:17:27,510 --> 00:17:25,760
magazine or facebook page or just have

409
00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:27,520
something you want to get off your chest

410
00:17:32,470 --> 00:17:29,760
then you're welcome to get in touch

411
00:17:35,430 --> 00:17:32,480
news leads should be sent to news tips

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00:17:37,510 --> 00:17:35,440
at skeptics.com.edu

413
00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:37,520
submissions for the magazine should go

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00:17:43,190 --> 00:17:40,640
to editor skeptics.com.edu

415
00:17:46,090 --> 00:17:43,200
comments and suggestions should also go

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00:17:49,110 --> 00:17:46,100
to editor skeptics.com.au

417
00:17:51,669 --> 00:17:49,120
[Music]

418
00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:51,679
well that's all for now until next time

419
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:53,760
this is adrian hill signing off from

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00:17:59,430 --> 00:17:56,080
calgary the home of many haunted places

421
00:18:01,750 --> 00:17:59,440
and ghost tours in fact one tour is even

422
00:18:04,210 --> 00:18:01,760
suitable for children as long as they

423
00:18:20,549 --> 00:18:04,220
don't have nightmares

424
00:18:26,789 --> 00:18:23,110
the australian skeptic's annual national

425
00:18:29,029 --> 00:18:26,799
convention skepticon 2022 will be held

426
00:18:31,110 --> 00:18:29,039
on december 3rd through 4th the first

427
00:18:34,230 --> 00:18:31,120
weekend of december go to the ticket

428
00:18:37,190 --> 00:18:34,240
sales page at skepticon.org.au

429
00:18:40,130 --> 00:18:37,200
to choose full in person one day in

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00:18:42,390 --> 00:18:40,140
person or streaming options

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00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,400
[Music]

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00:18:47,029 --> 00:18:44,400
the event will be held at the national

433
00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:47,039
library of australia the theme is

434
00:18:51,430 --> 00:18:49,520
skepticism in a changed world and the

435
00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:51,440
lineup of speakers includes claire

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00:18:56,230 --> 00:18:54,000
klingenberg president of the european

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00:18:59,350 --> 00:18:56,240
council of skeptical organizations the

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00:19:01,510 --> 00:18:59,360
hosts of european skeptics podcast and

439
00:19:04,390 --> 00:19:01,520
live stream talks by skeptic's guide to

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00:19:10,950 --> 00:19:04,400
the universe host dr stephen navella and

441
00:19:15,430 --> 00:19:13,110
there is also a wide variety of domestic

442
00:19:18,070 --> 00:19:15,440
speakers including major general mike

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00:19:19,590 --> 00:19:18,080
ryan retired who will be speaking on

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00:19:20,870 --> 00:19:19,600
science fiction and security

445
00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:20,880
professionals

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00:19:26,789 --> 00:19:24,400
author david dufty on radio girl a.c.t

447
00:19:29,270 --> 00:19:26,799
academy of sports psychologist christine

448
00:19:31,830 --> 00:19:29,280
dunn on superstitions in sport

449
00:19:34,950 --> 00:19:31,840
controversial author clive hamilton on

450
00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:34,960
being censored and many more scientific

451
00:19:38,990 --> 00:19:36,880
and skeptical topics

452
00:19:44,550 --> 00:19:39,000
for full details visit

453
00:19:56,950 --> 00:19:55,590
[Music]

454
00:19:59,100 --> 00:19:56,960
and now

455
00:20:01,830 --> 00:19:59,110
a reading from the book of tim

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00:20:04,610 --> 00:20:01,840
[Music]

457
00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:04,620
with tim menden

458
00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:11,039
[Music]

459
00:20:15,029 --> 00:20:13,520
hi my name is tim mendel i'm executive

460
00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:15,039
officer of australian skeptics and i'm

461
00:20:20,230 --> 00:20:17,760
editor of our magazine skeptic

462
00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:20,240
and today i'll be reading part three of

463
00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:22,480
an article on unicorns that was first

464
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:25,760
published in the magazine in 1994

465
00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:28,320
but as it's a classic we reprinted it in

466
00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:32,880
the issue march 2015 which is volume 35

467
00:20:36,470 --> 00:20:34,880
number one you can download this article

468
00:20:38,549 --> 00:20:36,480
in the magazine from our website for

469
00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:38,559
free

470
00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:40,080
now we're going to look at

471
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:42,080
medical benefits supposedly

472
00:20:46,149 --> 00:20:43,919
and get into the gritty end of the story

473
00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:46,159
about scientific

474
00:20:56,950 --> 00:20:55,110
[Music]

475
00:20:59,510 --> 00:20:56,960
the unicorn has been based variously on

476
00:21:01,830 --> 00:20:59,520
the bull antelope goat and horse with

477
00:21:03,590 --> 00:21:01,840
solid or cloven hooves in muslim

478
00:21:05,350 --> 00:21:03,600
countries it was often represented as a

479
00:21:07,510 --> 00:21:05,360
dog or wolf

480
00:21:09,990 --> 00:21:07,520
although the bodies vary so the horn is

481
00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:10,000
relatively standardized as long straight

482
00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:12,720
and slender with spiral markings this

483
00:21:16,630 --> 00:21:14,480
suggests that while the artist's model

484
00:21:19,190 --> 00:21:16,640
for the body varied the horn was

485
00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:19,200
inspired for all by the same structure

486
00:21:23,990 --> 00:21:22,400
the slender straight tooth of a male

487
00:21:26,390 --> 00:21:24,000
narwhal

488
00:21:29,350 --> 00:21:26,400
the rhinoceros horn has a wider base is

489
00:21:31,669 --> 00:21:29,360
shorter and slightly curved

490
00:21:34,149 --> 00:21:31,679
the narwhal is an aquatic mammal

491
00:21:37,190 --> 00:21:34,159
an air-breathing relative of the whales

492
00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:37,200
living in the bitter cold arctic seas

493
00:21:40,950 --> 00:21:38,960
from time to time the dead narwhal will

494
00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:40,960
be carried south by the currents to be

495
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:42,960
washed up on some scandinavian or

496
00:21:46,950 --> 00:21:44,480
british beach

497
00:21:48,549 --> 00:21:46,960
any local rustic finding such a carcass

498
00:21:49,909 --> 00:21:48,559
could hardly miss the opportunity for

499
00:21:52,789 --> 00:21:49,919
cash reward

500
00:21:55,510 --> 00:21:52,799
cut the tusk free and voila one rare

501
00:21:57,750 --> 00:21:55,520
unicorn horn for sale

502
00:21:59,909 --> 00:21:57,760
noble horns were rare but they were just

503
00:22:01,750 --> 00:21:59,919
enough to keep the legend going

504
00:22:04,870 --> 00:22:01,760
the rarity of the horns

505
00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:04,880
must have added value to the allure

506
00:22:08,950 --> 00:22:06,640
certainly they were greatly valued for

507
00:22:10,789 --> 00:22:08,960
their prestige for their medicinal

508
00:22:13,110 --> 00:22:10,799
powers and for their anti-poison

509
00:22:14,630 --> 00:22:13,120
properties which we covered in part one

510
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:14,640
of this article

511
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:17,200
not surprisingly only kings and princes

512
00:22:22,230 --> 00:22:19,360
could afford even a little one the king

513
00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:22,240
of denmark in 1600 was so very rich and

514
00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:24,400
powerful that he sat on no less than a

515
00:22:30,070 --> 00:22:27,200
throne built of unicorn horns the

516
00:22:31,669 --> 00:22:30,080
unicorn horn was known as the alicorn

517
00:22:32,470 --> 00:22:31,679
therefore avoiding their repetitious

518
00:22:34,230 --> 00:22:32,480
name

519
00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:34,240
many different horns from black bucks

520
00:22:38,710 --> 00:22:36,400
other antelopes and so on were passed

521
00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:38,720
off as alicorns whenever a prophet could

522
00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:41,840
be made the true alicorn known as a

523
00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:44,480
unicornum of verum was found in the

524
00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:45,600
ground

525
00:22:49,270 --> 00:22:47,760
these are actually the enduring tusks of

526
00:22:51,110 --> 00:22:49,280
long dead mammoths

527
00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:51,120
and were greatly prized

528
00:22:56,789 --> 00:22:52,960
until doctors and patients lost their

529
00:22:58,870 --> 00:22:56,799
faith the force alicorn unicornum folsom

530
00:23:01,270 --> 00:22:58,880
from the narwhal and available in larger

531
00:23:02,950 --> 00:23:01,280
quantities was strictly distinguished in

532
00:23:04,950 --> 00:23:02,960
northern europe

533
00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:04,960
the value of the unicorn horn lay not

534
00:23:09,350 --> 00:23:07,200
just in its rarity beauty or mystical

535
00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:09,360
associations but in its reputed

536
00:23:13,190 --> 00:23:11,280
medicinal potency

537
00:23:15,510 --> 00:23:13,200
saint hildegard in the 12th century

538
00:23:17,590 --> 00:23:15,520
first described magical medicinal

539
00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:17,600
properties in the unicorn these powers

540
00:23:21,909 --> 00:23:19,600
were later transferred from the animal's

541
00:23:24,549 --> 00:23:21,919
body to its unique horn it was the

542
00:23:28,310 --> 00:23:24,559
treatment of choice for epilepsy

543
00:23:31,669 --> 00:23:28,320
impotence barrenness worms the plague

544
00:23:33,190 --> 00:23:31,679
smallpox and other diverse ills

545
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:33,200
the unicorn horn

546
00:23:37,669 --> 00:23:35,360
turned bad to good

547
00:23:40,630 --> 00:23:37,679
eat a little finely powdered horn and

548
00:23:42,549 --> 00:23:40,640
almost any disease will be cured

549
00:23:45,430 --> 00:23:42,559
fashion a cup from the horn and any

550
00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:45,440
poison in your drink will be neutralized

551
00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:47,840
older incorruptible materials like gold

552
00:23:53,190 --> 00:23:50,400
and ivory also had these supposed

553
00:23:55,430 --> 00:23:53,200
magical wholesome attributes

554
00:23:57,590 --> 00:23:55,440
as to the price of a unicorn horn some

555
00:23:58,789 --> 00:23:57,600
valued it weight for weight as equal to

556
00:24:00,710 --> 00:23:58,799
gold

557
00:24:02,230 --> 00:24:00,720
others valued it at 10 times their

558
00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:02,240
weight in gold

559
00:24:08,549 --> 00:24:04,960
and with value comes crime

560
00:24:10,710 --> 00:24:08,559
apparently in 1303 a monk in westminster

561
00:24:12,789 --> 00:24:10,720
stole a unicorn horn

562
00:24:15,750 --> 00:24:12,799
to deter repetitions king edward the

563
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:15,760
first ordered the monk's entire skin

564
00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:18,559
to be separated and tacked to the wall

565
00:24:23,269 --> 00:24:21,360
near where the theft had occurred

566
00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:23,279
of course any medicine

567
00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:24,880
containing unicorn horn would be

568
00:24:29,510 --> 00:24:27,200
expensive but then the very expense of a

569
00:24:31,510 --> 00:24:29,520
medicine was proof of its value

570
00:24:33,590 --> 00:24:31,520
a husband could hardly begrudge his sick

571
00:24:36,230 --> 00:24:33,600
wife the benefits of unicorn horn

572
00:24:38,470 --> 00:24:36,240
medicine even if they did both suspect

573
00:24:40,549 --> 00:24:38,480
that recovery and the unicorn's horned

574
00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:40,559
medicine were unrelated

575
00:24:43,669 --> 00:24:42,080
just coincidence

576
00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:43,679
and if the medicine didn't work never

577
00:24:46,870 --> 00:24:45,760
mind it's always worth trying just in

578
00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:46,880
case

579
00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:48,880
the expense of the medicine

580
00:24:52,070 --> 00:24:51,200
proved the husband's love and the wife's

581
00:24:54,390 --> 00:24:52,080
value

582
00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:54,400
as we've already found the unicorn was

583
00:24:58,149 --> 00:24:55,360
love

584
00:25:00,070 --> 00:24:58,159
in china the unicorn was that asian

585
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:00,080
single horned rhinoceros and the

586
00:25:04,549 --> 00:25:02,880
rhinoceros horn was greatly pressured

587
00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:04,559
the renault's horn is still believed to

588
00:25:08,789 --> 00:25:07,120
have some of these properties today

589
00:25:11,029 --> 00:25:08,799
not so much for its medicinal properties

590
00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:11,039
as for its aphrodisiac powers

591
00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:13,200
indeed the desire for the aphrodisiac

592
00:25:17,190 --> 00:25:15,200
properties of the rhinoceros horn and

593
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:17,200
the willingness to buy it for exorbitant

594
00:25:21,990 --> 00:25:19,279
amounts of money is a major incentive

595
00:25:24,630 --> 00:25:22,000
for the illegal hunting threatening the

596
00:25:26,950 --> 00:25:24,640
continued survival of the species

597
00:25:29,669 --> 00:25:26,960
fortunately the dishonest substitution

598
00:25:32,070 --> 00:25:29,679
of african rhinoceros horn

599
00:25:33,830 --> 00:25:32,080
this species has two horns as the real

600
00:25:35,510 --> 00:25:33,840
thing has relieved the pressure on its

601
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:35,520
asian cousin

602
00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:37,679
an example of dishonesty producing a

603
00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:39,600
more desirable outcome

604
00:25:42,710 --> 00:25:41,279
obviously not very good for the african

605
00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:42,720
rhinoceros though

606
00:25:45,990 --> 00:25:44,240
we have then the personal experience of

607
00:25:48,149 --> 00:25:46,000
travellers the authority of the bible

608
00:25:50,789 --> 00:25:48,159
and rational argument producing support

609
00:25:53,350 --> 00:25:50,799
for other areas such as the zodiac what

610
00:25:54,870 --> 00:25:53,360
is the individual left with other than

611
00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:54,880
intuition

612
00:25:58,870 --> 00:25:56,720
do you believe in the unicorn or not

613
00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:58,880
lewis carroll parodied the power of

614
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:00,559
intuitive belief in through the looking

615
00:26:05,029 --> 00:26:03,200
glass where he said and he the unicorn

616
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:05,039
was going on when his eye happened to

617
00:26:09,269 --> 00:26:07,200
fall upon alice he turned around

618
00:26:11,750 --> 00:26:09,279
instantly and stood for some time

619
00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:11,760
looking at her with an air of deepest

620
00:26:14,310 --> 00:26:12,960
disgust

621
00:26:17,750 --> 00:26:14,320
what is this

622
00:26:20,470 --> 00:26:17,760
he said at last this is a child

623
00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:20,480
heger replied eagerly we only found it

624
00:26:25,430 --> 00:26:22,880
today it's as large as life and twice as

625
00:26:27,830 --> 00:26:25,440
natural i always thought they were

626
00:26:28,789 --> 00:26:27,840
fabulous monsters said the unicorn is it

627
00:26:31,110 --> 00:26:28,799
alive

628
00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:31,120
it can talk said hager solemnly the

629
00:26:35,110 --> 00:26:32,960
unicorn looked dreamily at alice and

630
00:26:36,950 --> 00:26:35,120
said talk child

631
00:26:40,310 --> 00:26:36,960
alice could not help her lips curling

632
00:26:41,830 --> 00:26:40,320
into a smile as she began do you know i

633
00:26:43,110 --> 00:26:41,840
always thought unicorns were fabulous

634
00:26:45,669 --> 00:26:43,120
monsters too

635
00:26:47,590 --> 00:26:45,679
i never saw one alive before

636
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:47,600
well now that we have seen each other

637
00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:50,080
said the unicorn if you'll believe in me

638
00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:52,880
i'll believe in you is that a bargain

639
00:26:58,470 --> 00:26:56,080
yes if you like said alice

640
00:27:01,110 --> 00:26:58,480
and then science comes on the scene

641
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:01,120
in the 17th century medical skeptics led

642
00:27:05,269 --> 00:27:03,360
by skeptical renaissance italians

643
00:27:06,789 --> 00:27:05,279
doubted the pharmaceutical value of the

644
00:27:08,950 --> 00:27:06,799
unicorn's horn

645
00:27:11,350 --> 00:27:08,960
with the placebo effect recognized as

646
00:27:13,909 --> 00:27:11,360
the cause of many claimed cures

647
00:27:15,750 --> 00:27:13,919
doubt entered with the seeds of doubt

648
00:27:16,950 --> 00:27:15,760
doctors and their patients lost their

649
00:27:20,789 --> 00:27:16,960
faith

650
00:27:23,269 --> 00:27:20,799
fabulous

651
00:27:25,350 --> 00:27:23,279
serious books established that opinion

652
00:27:27,590 --> 00:27:25,360
and its use declined

653
00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:27,600
pounded unicorn's horn had been included

654
00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:29,760
in the british pharmacopoeia for nearly

655
00:27:38,070 --> 00:27:33,440
a hundred years from 1651 to 1741 but

656
00:27:40,230 --> 00:27:38,080
was omitted from the 1746 edition

657
00:27:42,070 --> 00:27:40,240
and danny wheeler the author of the book

658
00:27:44,149 --> 00:27:42,080
says of all the benefits of science that

659
00:27:46,149 --> 00:27:44,159
i would like my students to learn

660
00:27:47,510 --> 00:27:46,159
and understanding of the placebo effect

661
00:27:48,470 --> 00:27:47,520
would probably be more personally

662
00:27:51,029 --> 00:27:48,480
valuable

663
00:27:53,269 --> 00:27:51,039
to them throughout their lives than any

664
00:27:55,430 --> 00:27:53,279
other in these days of rampant

665
00:27:57,350 --> 00:27:55,440
pseudo-medicines

666
00:27:59,029 --> 00:27:57,360
the reality of the animal diminished as

667
00:28:00,549 --> 00:27:59,039
the continents were explored without the

668
00:28:02,630 --> 00:28:00,559
unicorns

669
00:28:04,310 --> 00:28:02,640
home being discovered

670
00:28:05,830 --> 00:28:04,320
the explanation of the mystery of the

671
00:28:08,070 --> 00:28:05,840
unicorn's horn began with the

672
00:28:10,950 --> 00:28:08,080
realization that columbus's west indies

673
00:28:13,029 --> 00:28:10,960
and america generally are not india and

674
00:28:15,190 --> 00:28:13,039
continued with the subsequent search for

675
00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:15,200
the northwest passage to india

676
00:28:20,070 --> 00:28:17,120
sailors exploring the northern atlantic

677
00:28:21,510 --> 00:28:20,080
and arctic oceans saw the living narwhal

678
00:28:23,750 --> 00:28:21,520
and their descriptions exposed to

679
00:28:25,430 --> 00:28:23,760
narwhals tusk as the major source of the

680
00:28:27,510 --> 00:28:25,440
unicorn's horn

681
00:28:29,909 --> 00:28:27,520
at about the same time the past

682
00:28:32,630 --> 00:28:29,919
existence of mammoths as the source of

683
00:28:33,909 --> 00:28:32,640
unicornum verum or truehorn was being

684
00:28:36,149 --> 00:28:33,919
appreciated

685
00:28:37,990 --> 00:28:36,159
disbelief in the unicorn spread slowly

686
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:38,000
the recognition of the noble did much

687
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:40,320
damage to the legend and the exploration

688
00:28:44,470 --> 00:28:42,480
of the dark continents left less and

689
00:28:45,750 --> 00:28:44,480
less land for the mythical beasts to

690
00:28:47,269 --> 00:28:45,760
survive in

691
00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:47,279
the fundamentalist believers in the

692
00:28:51,269 --> 00:28:49,520
infallible bible clung to the unicorn

693
00:28:52,710 --> 00:28:51,279
rather than accept that any word in the

694
00:28:54,630 --> 00:28:52,720
bible may be wrong

695
00:28:58,149 --> 00:28:54,640
nevertheless the unicorn's decline was

696
00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:58,159
well underway by 1700 their disbelief in

697
00:29:03,750 --> 00:28:59,840
the medicinal powers of the unicorn's

698
00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:03,760
horn took a little longer in 1827 baron

699
00:29:08,310 --> 00:29:05,760
cuvier a prominent and respected

700
00:29:10,549 --> 00:29:08,320
zoologist declared that a unicorn is

701
00:29:12,950 --> 00:29:10,559
biologically impossible

702
00:29:15,430 --> 00:29:12,960
his reason was that in all cloven-hoofed

703
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:15,440
animals the separate bones making up the

704
00:29:18,710 --> 00:29:17,760
skull meet and fuse in the middle of the

705
00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:18,720
forehead

706
00:29:22,070 --> 00:29:20,640
this junction is called a suture it is

707
00:29:23,909 --> 00:29:22,080
the gap between

708
00:29:26,310 --> 00:29:23,919
these forming skull bones that give the

709
00:29:27,909 --> 00:29:26,320
newborn baby its soft spot in the center

710
00:29:30,149 --> 00:29:27,919
of its skull

711
00:29:32,389 --> 00:29:30,159
because the bony horns of cattle goats

712
00:29:34,630 --> 00:29:32,399
and others grow out from the skull bones

713
00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:34,640
and because such an outgrowth could not

714
00:29:40,230 --> 00:29:37,520
arise from a suture cuvier declared the

715
00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:40,240
single horned animal impossible the

716
00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:41,840
rhinoceros does not count here because

717
00:29:46,630 --> 00:29:43,520
its horn is not bone

718
00:29:47,990 --> 00:29:46,640
but very densely compacted here

719
00:29:50,630 --> 00:29:48,000
kiwi was wrong

720
00:29:53,110 --> 00:29:50,640
however about how the horns grow horns

721
00:29:55,669 --> 00:29:53,120
do not grow out from the skull bones

722
00:29:57,590 --> 00:29:55,679
instead they grow from a horned bud

723
00:29:59,909 --> 00:29:57,600
in the soft tissue covering the skull

724
00:30:02,070 --> 00:29:59,919
bones the horn grows from this bud

725
00:30:03,909 --> 00:30:02,080
forward to form the horn

726
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:03,919
and backward to fuse with the skull

727
00:30:07,510 --> 00:30:05,840
bones behind

728
00:30:10,870 --> 00:30:07,520
this pattern of growth the type of skull

729
00:30:11,669 --> 00:30:10,880
bone behind the horn bud suture line or

730
00:30:16,310 --> 00:30:11,679
not

731
00:30:19,110 --> 00:30:16,320
horn will fuse just as well with sutured

732
00:30:21,590 --> 00:30:19,120
bones as in the middle of the bone

733
00:30:23,430 --> 00:30:21,600
dr w franklin dove working at the

734
00:30:26,470 --> 00:30:23,440
university of maine

735
00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:26,480
tested this possibility in 1933 dove

736
00:30:31,909 --> 00:30:29,760
anesthetized a day old air shear bulkhut

737
00:30:34,310 --> 00:30:31,919
removed its two horn buds and

738
00:30:35,990 --> 00:30:34,320
re-inserted the horn buds together in

739
00:30:37,190 --> 00:30:36,000
the center of the forehead over the

740
00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:37,200
suture

741
00:30:41,190 --> 00:30:38,960
instead of the pair of curved horns

742
00:30:43,750 --> 00:30:41,200
typical of ashes this animal grew a

743
00:30:45,990 --> 00:30:43,760
single very straight horn curving

744
00:30:48,470 --> 00:30:46,000
slightly upwards at its tip

745
00:30:51,029 --> 00:30:48,480
and this horn was pale grey at its base

746
00:30:52,630 --> 00:30:51,039
and black at its tip the similarity to

747
00:30:54,950 --> 00:30:52,640
the ancient descriptions of mythical

748
00:30:57,190 --> 00:30:54,960
unicorns was uncanny

749
00:30:59,110 --> 00:30:57,200
unknown to dove a few years earlier dr

750
00:31:01,029 --> 00:30:59,120
odell shepard had described the

751
00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:01,039
production of unicorns by a similar

752
00:31:08,870 --> 00:31:05,279
operation by african dinkas and carrots

753
00:31:10,389 --> 00:31:08,880
using cattle and by nepalese using sheep

754
00:31:12,149 --> 00:31:10,399
one of their reasons for doing this was

755
00:31:13,269 --> 00:31:12,159
apparently to mark the leaders of their

756
00:31:14,549 --> 00:31:13,279
herds

757
00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:14,559
maybe they had

758
00:31:19,110 --> 00:31:16,640
made unicorns and maybe some of these

759
00:31:21,029 --> 00:31:19,120
animals had been traded to europe

760
00:31:24,070 --> 00:31:21,039
where they had inspired the descriptions

761
00:31:27,110 --> 00:31:24,080
by the ancients such as pliny the elder

762
00:31:29,830 --> 00:31:27,120
in 1984 the usa's ringling brothers

763
00:31:32,789 --> 00:31:29,840
circus exhibited four goats with single

764
00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:32,799
central horns as living unicorns

765
00:31:37,190 --> 00:31:34,720
these may have been animals created

766
00:31:40,149 --> 00:31:37,200
surgically by dove's method

767
00:31:42,630 --> 00:31:40,159
animal rights activists protested

768
00:31:45,669 --> 00:31:42,640
so we have seen how personal experience

769
00:31:48,470 --> 00:31:45,679
intuition rationalism and authority had

770
00:31:50,950 --> 00:31:48,480
all contributed to the unicorn myth

771
00:31:53,110 --> 00:31:50,960
and how then skeptical untrusting

772
00:31:55,909 --> 00:31:53,120
science with its need for the repetition

773
00:31:57,830 --> 00:31:55,919
of observations its ability to deduce

774
00:32:00,789 --> 00:31:57,840
and its ability to test claims and

775
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:00,799
deductions by experiment has reduced the

776
00:32:06,789 --> 00:32:04,000
myth of splendid magical animals to

777
00:32:08,789 --> 00:32:06,799
man-made leaders of the herd

778
00:32:10,789 --> 00:32:08,799
of all the ways of knowing

779
00:32:13,590 --> 00:32:10,799
of personal experience intuition

780
00:32:16,070 --> 00:32:13,600
rationalism authority and science only

781
00:32:18,149 --> 00:32:16,080
science tests his knowledge

782
00:32:20,470 --> 00:32:18,159
only with science is the unreliable

783
00:32:22,389 --> 00:32:20,480
knowledge discarded and the reliable

784
00:32:24,310 --> 00:32:22,399
knowledge conserved

785
00:32:26,630 --> 00:32:24,320
science has been criticized for its

786
00:32:30,149 --> 00:32:26,640
production of false concepts and for its

787
00:32:33,110 --> 00:32:30,159
delays in discarding its false concepts

788
00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:33,120
then only science does test its concepts

789
00:32:38,789 --> 00:32:35,840
and only science does discard those

790
00:32:40,389 --> 00:32:38,799
found to be false

791
00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:40,399
if you started reading this article

792
00:32:44,789 --> 00:32:42,320
thinking it to be an explanation of the

793
00:32:47,110 --> 00:32:44,799
unicorn myths you're right

794
00:32:49,669 --> 00:32:47,120
this article is also a demonstration of

795
00:32:51,990 --> 00:32:49,679
the power of skepticism through science

796
00:32:54,830 --> 00:32:52,000
to produce reliable knowledge

797
00:32:57,269 --> 00:32:54,840
no other way of knowing has this same

798
00:33:00,149 --> 00:32:57,279
power the lack of any reality to the

799
00:33:02,630 --> 00:33:00,159
mythical unicorns has been so evident

800
00:33:05,909 --> 00:33:02,640
for some that they have used the unicorn

801
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:05,919
as the epitome of an idealistic animal

802
00:33:10,389 --> 00:33:07,120
totally

803
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:10,399
insulated from all exogenous rhythms

804
00:33:15,350 --> 00:33:13,679
as a stand-in for the null hypothesis

805
00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:15,360
is this then the final fate of the

806
00:33:19,830 --> 00:33:17,760
unicorn to have been reduced to a

807
00:33:21,830 --> 00:33:19,840
classical non-animal for the use of

808
00:33:24,149 --> 00:33:21,840
theoretical biologists

809
00:33:26,470 --> 00:33:24,159
never mind the solitary power of this

810
00:33:27,590 --> 00:33:26,480
beautiful animal with its unbridled love

811
00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:27,600
of innocence

812
00:33:34,710 --> 00:33:29,290
continues in our myths

813
00:33:38,230 --> 00:33:36,389
and that's the end of part three of this

814
00:33:39,350 --> 00:33:38,240
article which is called on the horn of a

815
00:33:41,190 --> 00:33:39,360
dilemma

816
00:33:43,909 --> 00:33:41,200
written by tony wheeler first published

817
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:43,919
in the skeptic magazine in 1994 and

818
00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:46,880
reprinted in the march 2015 issue which

819
00:33:52,549 --> 00:33:49,760
is volume 35 number one and you can

820
00:33:54,470 --> 00:33:52,559
download that issue with a whole article

821
00:33:57,269 --> 00:33:54,480
and other stuff as well of course from

822
00:33:59,350 --> 00:33:57,279
our website skeptics.com

823
00:34:00,950 --> 00:33:59,360
just look for the magazine link

824
00:34:02,950 --> 00:34:00,960
and all of our issues apart from the

825
00:34:05,029 --> 00:34:02,960
last four are available on the website

826
00:34:07,430 --> 00:34:05,039
for free to download

827
00:34:08,869 --> 00:34:07,440
pretty good value but while you're there

828
00:34:16,790 --> 00:34:08,879
why not subscribe to the skeptic

829
00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:27,510
[Music]

830
00:34:32,790 --> 00:34:30,310
beneath the black balloon

831
00:34:33,669 --> 00:34:32,800
the storm broke the back of the blackest

832
00:34:36,950 --> 00:34:33,679
night

833
00:34:40,069 --> 00:34:36,960
and opened holes with its blinding light

834
00:34:42,869 --> 00:34:40,079
thunder rumbled from all around as birds

835
00:34:45,349 --> 00:34:42,879
took flight from the frightening sound

836
00:34:48,310 --> 00:34:45,359
brilliant bolts of lightning pointed to

837
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:48,320
the holy house of the unanointed and

838
00:34:54,470 --> 00:34:51,040
dogs howled at the hidden moon

839
00:34:56,790 --> 00:34:54,480
behind the clouds like a black balloon

840
00:34:58,630 --> 00:34:56,800
was it a house or was it a castle

841
00:35:00,950 --> 00:34:58,640
wrapped in the night like a menacing

842
00:35:03,750 --> 00:35:00,960
parcel waiting in the darkness for who

843
00:35:05,430 --> 00:35:03,760
would call on the darkest night of

844
00:35:08,230 --> 00:35:05,440
nights of all

845
00:35:11,109 --> 00:35:08,240
castle or mansion it mattered none this

846
00:35:13,829 --> 00:35:11,119
was the home of hobgoblin's fun the

847
00:35:17,829 --> 00:35:13,839
birthing place of a demon's delight a

848
00:35:21,510 --> 00:35:17,839
door to hell where all is not all right

849
00:35:24,550 --> 00:35:21,520
inside the creaking leaking walls echoed

850
00:35:27,510 --> 00:35:24,560
the sounds of the inmates calls stifle

851
00:35:31,750 --> 00:35:27,520
screams and blood curdling yells

852
00:35:34,310 --> 00:35:31,760
of people imprisoned in private hells

853
00:35:36,710 --> 00:35:34,320
in the middle of the room a spirit rose

854
00:35:40,950 --> 00:35:36,720
like a see-through sheet in a ghostly

855
00:35:45,510 --> 00:35:40,960
pose with eyes like embers glowing red

856
00:35:48,550 --> 00:35:45,520
in a ghastly skull-like hairless head

857
00:35:51,510 --> 00:35:48,560
the whale commenced with a cello note

858
00:35:55,190 --> 00:35:51,520
played on the guts of a cat or goat then

859
00:35:59,030 --> 00:35:55,200
a scream like the death of violins

860
00:36:01,510 --> 00:35:59,040
tortured for all of mankind's sins

861
00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:01,520
as the apparition filled the void the

862
00:36:07,589 --> 00:36:04,480
castle shook like it was annoyed and

863
00:36:10,950 --> 00:36:07,599
with the specter welling deep inside the

864
00:36:13,270 --> 00:36:10,960
bowels of the building opened wide

865
00:36:16,069 --> 00:36:13,280
doors split and the ceiling crashed

866
00:36:18,710 --> 00:36:16,079
walls imploded windows smashed the roof

867
00:36:22,150 --> 00:36:18,720
came down in a thunderous roar and

868
00:36:25,270 --> 00:36:22,160
leveled that castle to its floor

869
00:36:28,950 --> 00:36:25,280
then mist filled the empty space

870
00:36:31,990 --> 00:36:28,960
with holes for eyes that formed a face

871
00:36:35,910 --> 00:36:32,000
of goodness that had done its deed

872
00:36:38,950 --> 00:36:35,920
and claimed the souls of those it freed

873
00:36:42,150 --> 00:36:38,960
for now the spirits never linger never

874
00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:42,160
stare or point their finger at the ruins

875
00:36:55,090 --> 00:36:44,720
where the ravens croon

876
00:36:55,100 --> 00:37:07,190
[Music]

877
00:37:10,790 --> 00:37:09,109
once again here we are looking in those

878
00:37:12,230 --> 00:37:10,800
pages at trove

879
00:37:13,510 --> 00:37:12,240
archive

880
00:37:16,150 --> 00:37:13,520
trove

881
00:37:18,390 --> 00:37:16,160
indeed of digitized newspapers going

882
00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:18,400
back many decades into centuries here in

883
00:37:22,790 --> 00:37:20,160
australia sometimes we look around the

884
00:37:24,630 --> 00:37:22,800
world today we'll be looking at

885
00:37:27,109 --> 00:37:24,640
australian newspapers

886
00:37:28,790 --> 00:37:27,119
and our search term is

887
00:37:30,230 --> 00:37:28,800
telepathy

888
00:37:32,230 --> 00:37:30,240
now what does

889
00:37:34,829 --> 00:37:32,240
what does wikipedia have to say about

890
00:37:37,270 --> 00:37:34,839
telepathy telepathy

891
00:37:38,630 --> 00:37:37,280
fictional magical

892
00:37:40,150 --> 00:37:38,640
phenomenon

893
00:37:42,390 --> 00:37:40,160
well that certainly doesn't beat about

894
00:37:45,109 --> 00:37:42,400
the bush right from the start

895
00:37:47,829 --> 00:37:45,119
feeling perception passion

896
00:37:50,870 --> 00:37:47,839
affliction experience the term was first

897
00:37:52,310 --> 00:37:50,880
coined in 1882 by the classical scholar

898
00:37:55,670 --> 00:37:52,320
frederick w

899
00:37:57,510 --> 00:37:55,680
h myers the founder of the society for

900
00:37:59,589 --> 00:37:57,520
psychical research

901
00:38:01,510 --> 00:37:59,599
it has remained more popular than the

902
00:38:02,829 --> 00:38:01,520
earlier expression

903
00:38:04,870 --> 00:38:02,839
thought

904
00:38:06,470 --> 00:38:04,880
transference this is quite a lengthy

905
00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:06,480
article but towards the bottom it says

906
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:09,920
scientific reception a variety of tests

907
00:38:13,829 --> 00:38:11,440
has been performed to demonstrate

908
00:38:15,510 --> 00:38:13,839
telepathy but there is no scientific

909
00:38:17,750 --> 00:38:15,520
evidence that the power

910
00:38:19,750 --> 00:38:17,760
exists a panel commissioned by the

911
00:38:21,829 --> 00:38:19,760
united states national research council

912
00:38:23,990 --> 00:38:21,839
to study paranormal claims

913
00:38:27,349 --> 00:38:24,000
concluded that quote

914
00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:27,359
despite a 130 year record of scientific

915
00:38:31,990 --> 00:38:29,680
research on such matters our committee

916
00:38:34,470 --> 00:38:32,000
could find no scientific justification

917
00:38:37,030 --> 00:38:34,480
for the existence of the phenomena such

918
00:38:40,310 --> 00:38:37,040
as extrasensory perception mental

919
00:38:42,710 --> 00:38:40,320
telepathy or mind over matter exercises

920
00:38:44,390 --> 00:38:42,720
evaluation of a large body of the best

921
00:38:46,870 --> 00:38:44,400
available evidence simply does not

922
00:38:48,230 --> 00:38:46,880
support the contention that these

923
00:38:49,349 --> 00:38:48,240
phenomena

924
00:38:55,589 --> 00:38:49,359
exist

925
00:38:59,990 --> 00:38:57,270
and our first return comes from the

926
00:39:03,030 --> 00:39:00,000
courier male in brisbane dated the 18th

927
00:39:06,310 --> 00:39:03,040
of september 1947.

928
00:39:10,310 --> 00:39:06,320
telepathy has science thinking

929
00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:10,320
most scientists still feel a tiny bit

930
00:39:17,109 --> 00:39:13,839
skeptical of telepathy the lecturer in

931
00:39:19,589 --> 00:39:17,119
psychology at queensland university mr g

932
00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:19,599
naylor said yesterday

933
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:21,680
commenting on a report in yesterday's

934
00:39:28,550 --> 00:39:24,800
courier mail that a symphony concert in

935
00:39:31,109 --> 00:39:28,560
holland had been ruined by a man

936
00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:31,119
exercising telepathic power on the

937
00:39:37,349 --> 00:39:34,240
artists to win a bet mr naylor admitted

938
00:39:39,109 --> 00:39:37,359
that the evidence was excellent

939
00:39:40,390 --> 00:39:39,119
seems to be a strange thing to do but

940
00:39:42,550 --> 00:39:40,400
there you go

941
00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:42,560
position clouded the position of

942
00:39:48,550 --> 00:39:46,240
telepathy in science was clouded he said

943
00:39:50,950 --> 00:39:48,560
earlier this year we conducted certain

944
00:39:53,270 --> 00:39:50,960
telepathic experiments in the cutting of

945
00:39:54,630 --> 00:39:53,280
cards with senior students at the

946
00:39:56,470 --> 00:39:54,640
university

947
00:39:59,030 --> 00:39:56,480
at the end of the experiments all

948
00:40:01,030 --> 00:39:59,040
students presented would have

949
00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:01,040
unhesitatingly

950
00:40:06,390 --> 00:40:03,520
signed sworn statements that telepathy

951
00:40:09,270 --> 00:40:06,400
had been practiced and then it says

952
00:40:10,630 --> 00:40:09,280
here in another quote and bold and in

953
00:40:13,349 --> 00:40:10,640
italics

954
00:40:15,589 --> 00:40:13,359
the experiments seemed foolproof yet in

955
00:40:17,109 --> 00:40:15,599
actual fact they were not

956
00:40:19,270 --> 00:40:17,119
then we go back

957
00:40:22,470 --> 00:40:19,280
conscious faking in the holland case

958
00:40:24,790 --> 00:40:22,480
seemed most unlikely mr naylor continued

959
00:40:27,750 --> 00:40:24,800
as it was not probable that two artists

960
00:40:30,150 --> 00:40:27,760
would play badly merely to permit a man

961
00:40:33,109 --> 00:40:30,160
to win a bet which would not equal the

962
00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:33,119
fees they received

963
00:40:37,670 --> 00:40:34,800
that reminds me of

964
00:40:38,870 --> 00:40:37,680
hyman's maxim you don't investigate

965
00:40:40,870 --> 00:40:38,880
something until you're sure there's

966
00:40:42,870 --> 00:40:40,880
something to investigate

967
00:40:45,349 --> 00:40:42,880
and who knows what happened at the

968
00:40:46,950 --> 00:40:45,359
concert if anything happened at all

969
00:40:49,910 --> 00:40:46,960
stopped train

970
00:40:52,870 --> 00:40:49,920
now the dutch telepathist has been at it

971
00:40:55,430 --> 00:40:52,880
again this time he stopped a train in a

972
00:40:58,150 --> 00:40:55,440
new experiment in thought control a

973
00:41:00,950 --> 00:40:58,160
message from trevor smith the courier

974
00:41:03,990 --> 00:41:00,960
male's london correspondent says that

975
00:41:06,870 --> 00:41:04,000
when a train suddenly stopped between

976
00:41:08,790 --> 00:41:06,880
dortrich and rotterdam the guard found a

977
00:41:12,230 --> 00:41:08,800
man staring

978
00:41:15,829 --> 00:41:12,240
fixedly at the communication cord he

979
00:41:18,710 --> 00:41:15,839
admitted having pulled the cord but said

980
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:18,720
i don't know why i just had to pull it

981
00:41:23,270 --> 00:41:20,400
something drove me

982
00:41:25,750 --> 00:41:23,280
another man in the compartment said i am

983
00:41:27,990 --> 00:41:25,760
responsible i wanted to see if i could

984
00:41:29,430 --> 00:41:28,000
will the other fellow to pull the cord

985
00:41:30,630 --> 00:41:29,440
and it worked

986
00:41:33,270 --> 00:41:30,640
hmm

987
00:41:36,150 --> 00:41:33,280
hardly what we would call

988
00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:36,160
compelling evidence for telepathy or

989
00:41:40,230 --> 00:41:37,920
mind control

990
00:41:42,870 --> 00:41:40,240
now we come to the sun from sydney

991
00:41:45,670 --> 00:41:42,880
published in 1947

992
00:41:47,750 --> 00:41:45,680
on the 13th of july

993
00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:47,760
padre to you

994
00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:50,400
by g stuart watts

995
00:41:56,710 --> 00:41:53,359
telepathy needs close scrutiny

996
00:41:59,670 --> 00:41:56,720
even bible cases reported instances of

997
00:42:03,030 --> 00:41:59,680
telepathy are always

998
00:42:06,230 --> 00:42:03,040
news people are fascinated by strange

999
00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:06,240
eerie quote out of the way and quote

1000
00:42:13,270 --> 00:42:09,839
happenings and eagerly adopt quote super

1001
00:42:14,710 --> 00:42:13,280
normal and quote explanations of them

1002
00:42:16,710 --> 00:42:14,720
now there's a term you don't hear much

1003
00:42:19,829 --> 00:42:16,720
anymore in fact not at all

1004
00:42:22,630 --> 00:42:19,839
super normal super normal

1005
00:42:25,750 --> 00:42:22,640
of course the most common term is super

1006
00:42:29,510 --> 00:42:25,760
natural many who speak or write to me on

1007
00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:29,520
this subject describe experiments which

1008
00:42:33,270 --> 00:42:32,560
have fully convinced them of the reality

1009
00:42:35,109 --> 00:42:33,280
of

1010
00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:35,119
thought transfers

1011
00:42:38,870 --> 00:42:37,920
i think the utmost caution is necessary

1012
00:42:41,190 --> 00:42:38,880
here

1013
00:42:42,069 --> 00:42:41,200
these remarkable experiments at first

1014
00:42:43,670 --> 00:42:42,079
sight

1015
00:42:45,829 --> 00:42:43,680
seem to show that

1016
00:42:47,990 --> 00:42:45,839
minds have been in contact with each

1017
00:42:51,030 --> 00:42:48,000
other independently of the ordinary

1018
00:42:53,430 --> 00:42:51,040
means of communication but often when

1019
00:42:56,550 --> 00:42:53,440
the facts are carefully sorted it turns

1020
00:43:00,550 --> 00:42:56,560
out to be a case of coincidence or the

1021
00:43:03,510 --> 00:43:00,560
working of the unconscious mind or both

1022
00:43:06,710 --> 00:43:03,520
certainly coincidence and unconscious

1023
00:43:10,309 --> 00:43:06,720
processes account for a large number of

1024
00:43:13,510 --> 00:43:10,319
supposed instances of telepathy

1025
00:43:15,510 --> 00:43:13,520
here is a typical example dr brill a

1026
00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:15,520
nurtured psychologist

1027
00:43:22,230 --> 00:43:19,200
and his wife were one day at lunch in a

1028
00:43:24,790 --> 00:43:22,240
restaurant mrs brill suddenly referred

1029
00:43:26,710 --> 00:43:24,800
to an absent colleague of her husbands

1030
00:43:27,829 --> 00:43:26,720
at the very time

1031
00:43:28,710 --> 00:43:27,839
the latter

1032
00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:28,720
two

1033
00:43:31,910 --> 00:43:30,560
was thinking of them

1034
00:43:35,190 --> 00:43:31,920
okay

1035
00:43:37,829 --> 00:43:35,200
it made even the skeptical psychologists

1036
00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:37,839
think of the possibility of telepathy

1037
00:43:42,870 --> 00:43:40,480
until they noticed a man who bore a

1038
00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:42,880
striking resemblance to the absent

1039
00:43:46,390 --> 00:43:45,280
friend crossing the room

1040
00:43:48,950 --> 00:43:46,400
they had

1041
00:43:51,270 --> 00:43:48,960
seen this man when they first entered

1042
00:43:54,150 --> 00:43:51,280
and after noticing the resemblance had

1043
00:43:57,829 --> 00:43:54,160
probably forgotten all about it but

1044
00:43:58,790 --> 00:43:57,839
nothing is ever lost in the unconscious

1045
00:44:01,109 --> 00:43:58,800
mind

1046
00:44:03,430 --> 00:44:01,119
and in due course the hidden memory came

1047
00:44:06,630 --> 00:44:03,440
to light it is a sound principle of

1048
00:44:09,589 --> 00:44:06,640
criticism that normal explanations are

1049
00:44:10,790 --> 00:44:09,599
to be sought and tested before resorting

1050
00:44:13,109 --> 00:44:10,800
to

1051
00:44:14,230 --> 00:44:13,119
super normal ones

1052
00:44:15,910 --> 00:44:14,240
and i

1053
00:44:18,790 --> 00:44:15,920
certainly would agree

1054
00:44:21,109 --> 00:44:18,800
with uh with that i believe that if

1055
00:44:24,309 --> 00:44:21,119
acted upon this simple obvious principle

1056
00:44:27,349 --> 00:44:24,319
would speedily tame down many stories

1057
00:44:29,589 --> 00:44:27,359
which at present make our flesh creep

1058
00:44:32,309 --> 00:44:29,599
first class conjurers have some

1059
00:44:34,069 --> 00:44:32,319
illuminating things to say about public

1060
00:44:36,630 --> 00:44:34,079
demonstrations of

1061
00:44:38,870 --> 00:44:36,640
thought transference and i suggest that

1062
00:44:41,270 --> 00:44:38,880
their opinions

1063
00:44:42,550 --> 00:44:41,280
should be carefully noted

1064
00:44:44,309 --> 00:44:42,560
hmm

1065
00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:44,319
well padre

1066
00:44:49,589 --> 00:44:46,800
watts you are seeming to be

1067
00:44:50,950 --> 00:44:49,599
somewhat of an early skeptic 1947 that's

1068
00:44:52,309 --> 00:44:50,960
interesting

1069
00:44:55,030 --> 00:44:52,319
he goes on

1070
00:44:58,790 --> 00:44:55,040
i hold then that the case for telepathy

1071
00:45:02,829 --> 00:44:58,800
is not proven but urge the fullest

1072
00:45:05,910 --> 00:45:02,839
critical inquiry into it if it be

1073
00:45:08,790 --> 00:45:05,920
objected that the bible is full of

1074
00:45:10,870 --> 00:45:08,800
accounts of incidences which can only be

1075
00:45:13,589 --> 00:45:10,880
described as telepathic

1076
00:45:15,589 --> 00:45:13,599
by reply but these accounts must be

1077
00:45:18,870 --> 00:45:15,599
subjected to the same searching

1078
00:45:22,630 --> 00:45:18,880
investigation as others

1079
00:45:25,670 --> 00:45:22,640
truth can never contradict itself and a

1080
00:45:28,630 --> 00:45:25,680
true religion welcomes criticism

1081
00:45:31,030 --> 00:45:28,640
a true religion

1082
00:45:32,710 --> 00:45:31,040
an interesting suggestion was made by

1083
00:45:34,870 --> 00:45:32,720
freud who

1084
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:34,880
though skeptical about telepathy said

1085
00:45:42,150 --> 00:45:38,880
that if true its use would mark a return

1086
00:45:44,309 --> 00:45:42,160
to the past rather than an advance ants

1087
00:45:46,550 --> 00:45:44,319
and other creatures in which the senses

1088
00:45:48,950 --> 00:45:46,560
have not been specialized

1089
00:45:51,270 --> 00:45:48,960
seem to communicate with each other by a

1090
00:45:53,589 --> 00:45:51,280
form of telepathy

1091
00:45:56,069 --> 00:45:53,599
the five senses would thus be a great

1092
00:45:59,430 --> 00:45:56,079
advantage on this primitive method of

1093
00:46:02,470 --> 00:45:59,440
communication and our use of telepathy

1094
00:46:05,030 --> 00:46:02,480
would be a return to it nor is there any

1095
00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:05,040
reason to suppose that thinkers will

1096
00:46:09,349 --> 00:46:06,560
ever prefer

1097
00:46:12,710 --> 00:46:09,359
occult information to the reports about

1098
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:12,720
the world brought to us by our five wits

1099
00:46:16,870 --> 00:46:15,520
well thank you very much uh

1100
00:46:17,510 --> 00:46:16,880
padre

1101
00:46:20,230 --> 00:46:17,520
g

1102
00:46:23,109 --> 00:46:20,240
stuart watts

1103
00:46:25,670 --> 00:46:23,119
and next we have a very short item here

1104
00:46:26,470 --> 00:46:25,680
in the daily standard from brisbane from

1105
00:46:31,190 --> 00:46:26,480
the

1106
00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:32,790
telepathy test

1107
00:46:38,230 --> 00:46:35,280
about nine o'clock tonight a unique

1108
00:46:39,670 --> 00:46:38,240
telepathy test will be carried out by 4

1109
00:46:40,710 --> 00:46:39,680
qg

1110
00:46:42,390 --> 00:46:40,720
that

1111
00:46:43,750 --> 00:46:42,400
would have been or still is possibly a

1112
00:46:46,309 --> 00:46:43,760
radio station

1113
00:46:49,270 --> 00:46:46,319
in conjunction with argus who is

1114
00:46:52,390 --> 00:46:49,280
appearing at the lyceum theatre

1115
00:46:55,030 --> 00:46:52,400
a committee at 4 q g

1116
00:46:58,790 --> 00:46:55,040
will concentrate on a number of objects

1117
00:47:01,109 --> 00:46:58,800
and argus from the lyceum theater will

1118
00:47:03,829 --> 00:47:01,119
advise the committee regarding the

1119
00:47:06,550 --> 00:47:03,839
objects thought of listeners will follow

1120
00:47:07,829 --> 00:47:06,560
the demonstration with interest

1121
00:47:10,470 --> 00:47:07,839
argus

1122
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:10,480
must have been a uh

1123
00:47:15,829 --> 00:47:13,440
a performer maybe a mentalist

1124
00:47:19,349 --> 00:47:15,839
and finally in a similar vein to the one

1125
00:47:21,670 --> 00:47:19,359
we just read but this is from 1933

1126
00:47:24,030 --> 00:47:21,680
from the borough record in south

1127
00:47:25,750 --> 00:47:24,040
australia published on the 7th of june

1128
00:47:27,349 --> 00:47:25,760
1933

1129
00:47:30,230 --> 00:47:27,359
telepathy test

1130
00:47:33,030 --> 00:47:30,240
on may 7 mr harold morton general

1131
00:47:35,829 --> 00:47:33,040
secretary of the theosophical society in

1132
00:47:39,109 --> 00:47:35,839
australia tried a telepathy test

1133
00:47:40,870 --> 00:47:39,119
with 2gb and 2gb is a sydney radio

1134
00:47:42,309 --> 00:47:40,880
station listeners

1135
00:47:44,710 --> 00:47:42,319
on the air

1136
00:47:47,510 --> 00:47:44,720
as he explained it was a more difficult

1137
00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:47,520
task than he proposed than the

1138
00:47:53,990 --> 00:47:51,200
propelling of a stream of thoughts to

1139
00:47:55,670 --> 00:47:54,000
one receptive individual

1140
00:47:58,790 --> 00:47:55,680
actually he proposed that listeners

1141
00:48:01,270 --> 00:47:58,800
should tune in with his thought so they

1142
00:48:03,670 --> 00:48:01,280
might discover the process of

1143
00:48:06,150 --> 00:48:03,680
sympathetic vibration

1144
00:48:08,470 --> 00:48:06,160
what he was holding in his mind the

1145
00:48:11,190 --> 00:48:08,480
symbol which he thought of was a four

1146
00:48:14,390 --> 00:48:11,200
inch triangle drawn in blue pencil

1147
00:48:16,390 --> 00:48:14,400
in spite of the difficulty of this

1148
00:48:19,270 --> 00:48:16,400
experiment fifty percent of the

1149
00:48:21,589 --> 00:48:19,280
listeners letters mentioned a triangle

1150
00:48:22,710 --> 00:48:21,599
some of the triangles were surrounded by

1151
00:48:24,870 --> 00:48:22,720
a circle

1152
00:48:27,349 --> 00:48:24,880
or other device

1153
00:48:30,150 --> 00:48:27,359
but it was unexpected that so large a

1154
00:48:32,630 --> 00:48:30,160
proportion should be right or nearly

1155
00:48:34,470 --> 00:48:32,640
right in one case where a mother and

1156
00:48:37,510 --> 00:48:34,480
daughter were listening in the mother

1157
00:48:40,390 --> 00:48:37,520
said she thought it was a triangle

1158
00:48:42,790 --> 00:48:40,400
of course it was responded the daughter

1159
00:48:43,750 --> 00:48:42,800
a blue triangle

1160
00:48:46,630 --> 00:48:43,760
oh

1161
00:48:48,950 --> 00:48:46,640
well how can you argue with

1162
00:48:50,870 --> 00:48:48,960
such evidence as that

1163
00:48:53,589 --> 00:48:50,880
of course what we don't have is a

1164
00:48:56,549 --> 00:48:53,599
transcript of what was actually said

1165
00:48:58,870 --> 00:48:56,559
during the radio broadcast and as i've

1166
00:49:00,829 --> 00:48:58,880
discovered only recently

1167
00:49:03,670 --> 00:49:00,839
there is a well-known

1168
00:49:05,430 --> 00:49:03,680
psychological uh phenomenon

1169
00:49:07,270 --> 00:49:05,440
concerning circles and triangles where

1170
00:49:09,829 --> 00:49:07,280
people will draw a

1171
00:49:11,190 --> 00:49:09,839
triangle within a circle but i'd need to

1172
00:49:14,150 --> 00:49:11,200
research that

1173
00:49:15,670 --> 00:49:14,160
a little bit more but dare i suggest and

1174
00:49:16,630 --> 00:49:15,680
it's only a suggestion because i don't

1175
00:49:18,630 --> 00:49:16,640
know

1176
00:49:20,630 --> 00:49:18,640
that the experiment ran along the lines

1177
00:49:22,230 --> 00:49:20,640
of everybody out there think of a shape

1178
00:49:23,510 --> 00:49:22,240
and a color

1179
00:49:24,870 --> 00:49:23,520
and

1180
00:49:26,309 --> 00:49:24,880
many people would have thought of a

1181
00:49:27,829 --> 00:49:26,319
triangle many people would have thought

1182
00:49:29,349 --> 00:49:27,839
of the color blue

1183
00:49:30,790 --> 00:49:29,359
of course i don't think there's any way

1184
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:30,800
to retrieve

1185
00:49:37,270 --> 00:49:34,880
a radio broadcast made in 1933 but it

1186
00:49:40,630 --> 00:49:37,280
would be interesting to hear it

1187
00:49:43,349 --> 00:49:40,640
now here's one which is very very faint

1188
00:49:47,589 --> 00:49:43,359
i can barely read it but we'll have a go

1189
00:49:50,069 --> 00:49:47,599
it's from 1927 on the 4th of june

1190
00:49:50,950 --> 00:49:50,079
from the camperdown chronicle

1191
00:49:54,630 --> 00:49:50,960
in

1192
00:49:56,069 --> 00:49:54,640
telepathy test

1193
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:56,079
fails

1194
00:50:01,510 --> 00:49:58,640
recent arrangements were made for a

1195
00:50:03,510 --> 00:50:01,520
radio telepathy test whereby three

1196
00:50:06,470 --> 00:50:03,520
prominent melbourne citizens

1197
00:50:08,870 --> 00:50:06,480
concentrated their thoughts in turn upon

1198
00:50:12,790 --> 00:50:08,880
five articles placed before them on a

1199
00:50:13,990 --> 00:50:12,800
table at the 3lo studios

1200
00:50:17,190 --> 00:50:14,000
and their

1201
00:50:19,510 --> 00:50:17,200
thoughts were broadcast to listeners in

1202
00:50:21,990 --> 00:50:19,520
who attempted to name the articles

1203
00:50:25,349 --> 00:50:22,000
placed in turn upon the table the

1204
00:50:27,670 --> 00:50:25,359
articles were one penny

1205
00:50:30,150 --> 00:50:27,680
two latch key

1206
00:50:31,030 --> 00:50:30,160
three ordinary pen

1207
00:50:32,470 --> 00:50:31,040
four

1208
00:50:33,510 --> 00:50:32,480
train ticket

1209
00:50:36,230 --> 00:50:33,520
five

1210
00:50:38,870 --> 00:50:36,240
shire map of bogong

1211
00:50:40,950 --> 00:50:38,880
altogether fifteen thousand two hundred

1212
00:50:43,910 --> 00:50:40,960
and one listeners in

1213
00:50:44,870 --> 00:50:43,920
sent in replies but only

1214
00:50:46,630 --> 00:50:44,880
two

1215
00:50:48,549 --> 00:50:46,640
named the penny

1216
00:50:50,870 --> 00:50:48,559
two the latch key

1217
00:50:52,150 --> 00:50:50,880
and nobody named the train ticket or the

1218
00:50:54,950 --> 00:50:52,160
shire map

1219
00:50:58,390 --> 00:50:54,960
the third object the ordinary pen

1220
00:51:00,390 --> 00:50:58,400
was more successful as 140

1221
00:51:03,430 --> 00:51:00,400
named it correctly

1222
00:51:07,990 --> 00:51:03,440
esp test telepathy tests

1223
00:51:10,630 --> 00:51:09,510
so there we are round up with some of

1224
00:51:12,870 --> 00:51:10,640
the many

1225
00:51:16,309 --> 00:51:12,880
examples of these the word telepathy or

1226
00:51:18,790 --> 00:51:16,319
reports on telepathy over the decades

1227
00:51:20,790 --> 00:51:18,800
and as i always like to remind you

1228
00:51:21,710 --> 00:51:20,800
why not spend a couple of hours in trove

1229
00:51:24,630 --> 00:51:21,720
at

1230
00:51:25,750 --> 00:51:24,640
trove.nla.gov dot a u

1231
00:51:28,150 --> 00:51:25,760
and uh

1232
00:51:30,470 --> 00:51:28,160
put in your search for no matter what

1233
00:51:32,309 --> 00:51:30,480
and you can look up newspapers magazines

1234
00:51:35,109 --> 00:51:32,319
and lots of other journals as well

1235
00:51:39,370 --> 00:51:35,119
because oh yes you never know

1236
00:51:39,380 --> 00:51:55,109
[Music]

1237
00:51:59,430 --> 00:51:56,950
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1238
00:52:01,030 --> 00:51:59,440
zone and thank you to those people

1239
00:52:02,870 --> 00:52:01,040
thank you very much to those people who

1240
00:52:04,549 --> 00:52:02,880
continue to support the skeptic zone at

1241
00:52:05,549 --> 00:52:04,559
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1242
00:52:07,190 --> 00:52:05,559
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1243
00:52:09,190 --> 00:52:07,200
skepticzone.tv

1244
00:52:10,549 --> 00:52:09,200
your weekly contributions sometimes

1245
00:52:14,309 --> 00:52:10,559
monthly

1246
00:52:15,990 --> 00:52:14,319
or your special extra contributions

1247
00:52:17,349 --> 00:52:16,000
means the show can keep going it's as

1248
00:52:18,910 --> 00:52:17,359
simple as that

1249
00:52:21,750 --> 00:52:18,920
and just before i go if you go to

1250
00:52:23,510 --> 00:52:21,760
skepticzone.tv there is a link there for

1251
00:52:27,349 --> 00:52:23,520
information and tickets

1252
00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:27,359
for skepticon 2022 which will be held in

1253
00:52:32,230 --> 00:52:30,000
canberra on the first weekend of

1254
00:52:34,630 --> 00:52:32,240
december and we'll be hearing more about

1255
00:52:36,790 --> 00:52:34,640
that in the weeks to come but for this

1256
00:52:43,670 --> 00:52:36,800
week this is richard saunders signing

1257
00:52:46,870 --> 00:52:45,430
you've been listening to the skeptic

1258
00:52:48,309 --> 00:52:46,880
zone podcast

1259
00:52:51,430 --> 00:52:48,319
please visit our website at

1260
00:52:57,109 --> 00:52:54,549
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1261
00:52:59,270 --> 00:52:57,119
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1262
00:53:01,270 --> 00:52:59,280
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1263
00:53:03,990 --> 00:53:01,280
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1264
00:53:06,150 --> 00:53:04,000
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1265
00:53:08,390 --> 00:53:06,160
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1266
00:53:10,470 --> 00:53:08,400
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1267
00:53:13,750 --> 00:53:10,480
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1268
00:53:16,870 --> 00:53:13,760
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1269
00:53:18,710 --> 00:53:16,880
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1270
00:53:20,950 --> 00:53:18,720
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1271
00:53:23,510 --> 00:53:20,960
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